Increase in hydrostatic pressure forces blood from pores
1. Pressure forces blood from pores: grasshopper
"A number of insects also release blood in order to deter predators. Some of the most dramatic examples occur among grasshoppers of the genus Dictyophorus. When threatened, hydrostatic pressure within the grasshopper's body increases, forcing bloo...
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2. Pressure allows movement: echinoderms
"Their [echinoderms'] bodies work by unique exploitation of hydrostatic principles. Feet, each a thin tube ending in a sucker and kept firm by the pressure of water within, wave and curl in rows along the arms. The water for this system circulates...
3. Fluid pressure provides support: blue crab
"The aquatic blue crab Callinectes sapidus maintains mobility by switching to a hydrostatic skeleton 10 — a fluid-based skeleton that is common in soft-bodied invertebrates 11. Hydrostatic skeletons are arranged so that the force of muscle c...
4. Pressure provides structural support: blackback land crab
"Here we show that whenever its exoskeleton is shed, the blackback land crab Gecarcinus lateralis relies on an unconventional type of hydrostatic skeleton that uses both gas and liquid (a 'pneumo-hydrostat'). To our knowledge, this is the first ex...
5. Eyes squirt blood: horned lizard
"Among the most famous, and spectacular, performers of autohemorrhaging are three species of North American desert-dwelling lizard, Phrynosoma cornutum, P. coronatum, and P. solare, which are commonly known (albeit inaccurately) as horned toads&he...
6. Pores expel fluid: iguana
"[The iguana] excretes liquid (sometimes volatile lipids) from a gland on ventral side of the femur. The liquid is expelled through epidermal and dermal tubes ending in a row of pores on the skin. Gland length varies depending on the season, espec...
7. Pressure assists blood circulation: giraffe
"Its [giraffe's] heart is two-and-a-half times as big as zoologists would expect for an animal of its size. And the skin around its legs is unusually tight. Pedley [Tim Pedley of the University of Cambridge] says that high blood pressure would enc...
8. Pressure makes air move: black mangrove
"Simple physical diffusion through the lenticels and along the aerenchyma is probably the main mode of gas movement in mangrove roots, but it may be supplemented by mass flow […] There is a more convincing interpretation of the observed pre...
9. Pressure sucks moisture from soil: desert plants
"Plants again. Even in a desert the soil a little ways below the surface contains liquid water. It's called 'capillary water' and is often thought of as firmly stuck to soil particles. The binding, though, is as much physical as chemical - the wat...
10. Blood cells circulate in viscous blood: dromedary camel
"The dromedary camel is one of the most well adapted to hot arid climates. Contrary to popular opinion, the camel does not store water any more than any other species, yet it need not drink water for days. The camel is able to tolerate extreme deh...
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