adhere OR attach
21. Eggs stick to waxy surface: asparagus beetle
"Plant surfaces covered with crystalline epicuticular waxes are known to be anti-adhesive, hardly wettable and preventing insect attachment. But there are insects that are capable of gluing their eggs to these surfaces by...
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22. Glue fibers form underwater: caddisfly
"Like silkworm moths, butterflies and spiders, caddisfly larvae spin silk, but they do so underwater instead [of] on dry land. Now, University of Utah researchers have discovered why the fly's silk is sticky when wet and how that may make it...
23. Design features aid efficient attachment: lice
"Lice are much more sedentary, clutching onto their host's skin with strong gripping claws. They have flattened bodies that rebuff attempts by the host to dislodge them." (Shuker 2001:165)
24. Setae enhance temporary adhesion: leaf beetles
"Second, devices for intermittent adhesion in animals make extraordinary use of multiple contacts. The billion contacts of the gecko's feet may not be exceptional. Each of Stork's (1980) 5-microgram chrysomelid beetles had over ten thousand setae....
25. Sticky proteins serve as glue: blue mussel
"Pounding waves are no match for the mighty mussel, that produces strong, flexible threads that cling to rocks…mussels secrete a unique amino acid called dihydroxyphenylalanine…Researchers have developed a new group of adhesives for ...
26. Sticky proteins serve as glue: green mussel
"The 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (Dopa)-containing proteins of mussel byssus play a critical role in wet adhesion and have inspired versatile new synthetic strategies for adhesives and coatings. Apparently, however, not all mussel adhesive prote...
27. Tendrils enable upward climb: rattan palm
"Rattans, the highly specialised climbing palms of south-east Asia, have stems that are barely thicker than a man's finger. The front tip, from which all growth comes, explores with extremely long, thin tendrils equipped along their length with ne...
28. Foot adaptations climb rough and smooth surfaces: insects
"Researchers Bert Holldobler and Walter Federle have studied how insects can adhere to both rough and smooth surfaces. They discovered that when an insect walks, two claws at the front of each foot grip the surface and then begin to retract. If th...
29. Feet prevent slipping: insects
"Many insects cling to vertical and inverted surfaces with pads that adhere by nanometre-thin films of liquid secretion. This fluid is an emulsion, consisting of watery droplets in an oily continuous phase. The detailed function of its two-phas...
30. Central holdfast attaches to rock: rock tripe lichen
"The umbilicus is of vital importance for the Umbilicaria species, since it fastens the thallus to the rock." (Gauslaa 1984:20)
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