Sign in

Connect with:
Facebook Google Twitter
or

Lost your password?

  • Biological Strategies
  • Inspired Ideas
  • Resources
  • Collections
Join Sign in

Innovation Inspired by Nature

  • Learn
    • What is Biomimicry?
    • Function & Strategy
  • Contribute
    • Volunteer
  • Community
    • Group Directory
    • Member Directory
  • AskNature Labs
  • About
    • AskNature Team
    • Partners
    • Contact Us
  • Donate
Join Sign in
  • Learn
    • What is Biomimicry?
    • Function & Strategy
  • Contribute
    • Volunteer
  • Community
    • Group Directory
    • Member Directory
  • AskNature Labs
  • About
    • AskNature Team
    • Partners
    • Contact Us
  • Donate
collections

JULIO NEVES: Favorites Edit title

Profile PhotoJULIO NEVESSeptember 19, 2011
Shared with everyone Edit visibility
Edit Hook
Edit Summary
strategy

Fibers contract and relaxspiders

Dragline silk fibers in spider webs help maintain web tension under weight by contracting and relaxing in response to humidity.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impactModify material characteristicsPrevent fracture/ruptureProtect from excess liquids
strategy

Biopolymer stops shell growthoyster

Polyaspartate is a biopolymer in oysters that stops growth of shells by inhibiting growth of excess calcium carbonate.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Chemically assemble organic compoundsModify size/shape/mass/volumeRegulate reproduction or growth
strategy

Liver survives cold temperaturessquirrel

Livers of squirrels survive cold temperatures during hibernation by maintaining microcirculation.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasisProtect from temperature
strategy

Habitat mosaics stop firesbeaver

Beavers reduce fire impacts in spruce stands by creating a mosaic of habitats that act as natural firebreaks.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage disturbance in a community
strategy

Branches protect by breakingCaribbean stony coral

Branches of Caribbean stony coral protect the core colony by programmed breakage.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage turbulence
strategy

Mouthparts pierces through hippo hidesAfrican biting flies

The mouthparts of African biting flies can pierce tough hippopotamus hides due to their ultra-strong, needle-like structure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/on solids
idea

The Fit scooterEco-Movement, Ernst-Jan Mul Bio Inspired Design

Adaptable electric scooter fits in its environment

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
strategy

Groups move efficientlyarmy ants

Army ants move efficiently in large numbers by maintaining three lanes of traffic; two outer lanes travel opposite the inner lane and are governed by behavioral differences related to possession of food.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Coordinate by self-organization
strategy

Plasma maintains salt balancecrab-eating frog

The plasma of crab-eating frogs allows them to survive in salt water by topping up the ionic concentration with non-ionic solute urea.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasis
strategy

Armor protects from predatorsarmadillo

The body of armadillo protects from predators via flexible armor plating.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from animals
strategy

Intricate silica architecture survives forcesdiatoms

Silica-based skeletons of microscopic diatoms offer significant resistance to impact forces due to symmetry, pores, nanospheres, and ribs.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionManage impactManage tension
strategy

Rolling into a ball for protectionarmadillo

Armadillos and other creatures protect themselves from predators by rolling into a ball and reducing their surface area.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impactModify size/shape/mass/volumeProtect from animals
strategy

Honeycomb structure is space-efficient and strongHoneybees, ,

Bees and wasps build space-efficient and strong nests using hexagonal cells

Profile PhotoAndy Carstens
Manage compressionOptimize shape/materialsPreventing meltingStore liquids
strategy

Bodies stay warm in cold waterskipjack tuna

Bodies of skipjack tuna stay warmer because of counter-current heat exchange system.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Mound passively heats/coolscompass termite

Mounds of compass termites provide heating and cooling at appropriate times of day thanks to orientation with respect to the sun.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Optimize shape/materialsProtect from temperature
strategy

Flexibility allows twisting, not bending, in windsedges

The stems of sedges twist rather than bend in the wind due to their torsional flexibility.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from wind
strategy

Beak protects during divescape gannet

The beak of a gannet allows it to dive deeply at high speed because it lacks external nostrils.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from excess liquids
strategy

Environment tailors growthorganisms

An organism's size is limited and is the result of numerous environmental and geometric factors.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeOptimize shape/materialsRegulate reproduction or growth
strategy

Cocoon provides hard, protective casingpuss moth

Cocoons of puss moths form a hard, protective casing because they are made of labial silk and bark fragments.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from animals
strategy

Membranes avoid freezingbacteria

Membranes of some microbes continue to allow diffusion at cold temperatures by having a special fatty composition that keep them relatively fluid.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Intestine osmoregulatesmarine teleosts

The intestine of marine teleosts osmoregulates in part due to Cl-/HCO3- exchange.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasis
strategy

Fungal gardens kept free of 'weeds'leaf-cutter ants

The fungus gardens grown by leaf-cutter ants are kept free of unwanted fungi and bacteria using multiple antimicrobial compounds concurrently.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from fungiProtect from microbes
strategy

Parasite helps balance a mutualistic relationshipfig tree and fig wasp

Parasitic wasps increase fig tree production by placing limits on the mutualism between figs and fig wasps.

Profile PhotoSherry Ritter
Cooperate/compete between different speciesPollinateProtect from animals
strategy

Biological processes continue at glacial temperaturesice worm

Physiological processes in ice worms allow them to survive and function in glacial ice thanks to an increase in adenylate nucleotides and other metabolic adaptations.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasisProtect from temperatureRegulate cellular processes
idea

Virus BatteryMassachusetts Institute of Technology (Belcher Lab), University of Maryland

Growing Batteries

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
strategy

Tastiness protects seeds from beetlesacacia

Seeds of Acacia trees survive attacks by parasitic beetles by attracting herbivores whose digestive juices kill the parasites' larvae.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from animals
strategy

Diet diversity affects healthhoneybees

Immunocompetence of honeybees is maintained with a diverse diet.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from microbesRegulate cellular processes
strategy

Swimming efficientlysharks

Sharks are efficient swimmers in part due to their complex hydroskeleton.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify positionModify size/shape/mass/volumeMove in/on liquidsTransform mechanical energy
strategy

Leaves fold in response to touchsensitive plant

Leaves of the sensitive plant protect themselves from predators and environmental conditions by folding in response to touch.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeProtect from animals
strategy

Seed dispersal aids recovery from disturbancetropical rain forests

Recovery of tropical rain forests after disturbance depends upon the dispersal of seeds by fruit-eating vertebrates.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seedsMaintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Carotid rete cools brainThomson's gazelle

The carotid rete of the Thomson's gazelle cools its brain via counter-current heat exchange.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasisProtect from temperature
strategy

Head protected from minor impactscassowaries

The head of cassowaries may be protected from impact as they traverse dense forest thanks to a foam-like 'helmet' with keratinized covering.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impact
strategy

Feathers protect from waterGentoo penguin

The feathers of penguins prevent water from penetrating to the skin due to their stiff, tightly packed structure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from excess liquids
strategy

Cuticle acts as cooling mechanismOriental hornet

The cuticle of wasps provides a cooling mechanism by use of hairs, thin layers, and tracheal branches.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Refugia for Great Barrier Reef improve disaster recoverycoral reefs

A network of refugia makes the Great Barrier Reef more resilient to injury by providing emergency resources for restoring damaged areas

Profile PhotoMary Hoff
Cooperate within an ecosystemCoordinate systemsMaintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Ecosystems recover from disturbanceforests

Forests and other ecosystems can return to their predisturbance composition and struture through the presence of biological legacies, mobile links, and support areas.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage disturbance in a community
idea

Mechanically adaptive polymer nanocompositesCase Western Reserve University

Dynamic materials change mechanical properties

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
strategy

Jaws swallow eggs wholeegg-eating snakes

The jaws of a snake found in Africa allow it to subsist solely on eggs, which it can swallow whole thanks to multibar linkages.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organismsModify size/shape/mass/volumePrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Jaw swallows large preypythons

The jaws of pythons allow the snakes to swallow huge prey because of their multibar linkages.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organismsModify size/shape/mass/volume
strategy

Bulging proboscis amplifies soundsouthern elephant seal

The proboscis of the male elephant seal amplifies calls by bulging using a combination of air, blood, and muscle.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeSend sound signals
strategy

Wings are deployablebeetles

The wings of beetles are folded and stored under fore-wings and deploy for flight thanks to sprung wing joints.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volume
strategy

Mutant gene flattens leavessnapdragon

Mutant gene of snapdragons enhances photosynthesis by causing leaves to grow flat through uniform cell growth.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter energyModify size/shape/mass/volumeRegulate reproduction or growth
strategy

Cooling material creates precise shapesbees

Bees use body heat to shape wax into bubbles, which then cool to form rigid, efficient hexagons.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Physically assemble structureSense shape and pattern in a living system
strategy

Structural composition provides strength in changing conditionsplants

The cell walls of vascular plants provide mechanical strength during different stages of growth by adjusting their structural composition.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionModify size/shape/mass/volume
strategy

Shooting snout snags preysling-jaw wrasse

The snout of the sling-jaw wrasse captures prey using multibar linkages to shoot its jaw out at high speed.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organismsModify positionModify size/shape/mass/volumeMove in/on liquids
strategy

Reflectance causes white colorcabbage butterfly

The wings of the cabbage butterfly are white due to longitudinal ridges and cross-ribs studded with ovoid beads.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/colorSend light signals in the visible spectrum
idea

Hairy self-cleaning surfacesUniversity of Florida, Sigmund's Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Non-stick surface without chemicals

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
strategy

Nests are durable and humidbees

The flower petal nests of Osmia avosetta bees are durable and humid because of their multi-layer design, with a hard layer sandwiched between organic layers.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Physically assemble structureProtect from loss of liquids
strategy

Skin detects thermal signalsblacktip reef shark

The skin of the blacktip reef shark enables it to locate prey via a gel that detects thermoelectric signals.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Sense temperature cues from the environment
strategy

Ribbon-like roots absorb moistureTaeniophyllum orchid

The roots of Taeniophyllum orchids absorb moisture efficiently via flat, ribbon-like shape.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter energyCapture, absorb, or filter liquids
strategy

Flotation in turbulent watersHeteropterid bugs

Water insects maintain flotation in turbulent waters thanks to an undersurface coating of water-repellent hairs.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage turbulenceModify buoyancyModify surface tensionProtect from excess liquids
idea

CAO and SKO design softwareDepartment of Biomechanics at the Institute for Materials Research II of the Karlsruhe Research Centre

Lightweighting software reduces resource use, saves energy

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionManage shearManage tensionManage turbulencePrevent bucklingPrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Tree and grass savanna maintains equilibriumTransvaal savanna

Grasses and trees in the Transvaal savanna coexist by tapping different parts of the soil for water.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversityRegulate water storage
strategy

Nature maintains biodiversityecosystems

Natural ecosystems react to low biodiversity levels by exploiting unused or poorly used resources to increase biodiversity.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Biological control of populations, pests, diseasesMaintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Microbial biodiversity maintainedheather moorland

The soil microbial community of heather moorlands is kept in balance by above-ground ecosystem engineers.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cycle nutrientsGenerate soil/renew fertilityMaintain biodiversity
strategy

Fungal root-rot renews forestmountain hemlock forests

Fungal root-rot renews mountain hemlock forests by causing nitrogen release.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Biological control of populations, pests, diseasesMaintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Food web complexity increases along gradientdune ecosystem

The complexity of food webs in sandy dune ecosystems increases along productivity gradients, with feedback loops governing the stability of the system.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversity
strategy

Canopies enhance species diversitywetland ecosystems

Different kinds of plant canopies in wetlands enable great species diversity by providing a variety of microenvironments.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversityRegulate climate
strategy

Internal pressure provides supportpotato

Cellular structure of potato creates high internal pressure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
strategy

Moving in tune with body sizepenicillate jellyfish

The bell of the penicillate jellyfish increases amplitude of movement by 40% and decreases energy use by around 25% by moving at resonant frequency to body size.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/on liquids
strategy

Colonies maintain temperature and humiditySouth American grass-cutting ant

Colonies of South American grass-cutting ants maintain temperature and humidity via a thatched nest and systematic arrangement of nest material.

Profile PhotoLeon Wang
Cooperate within the same speciesPhysically assemble structureProtect from temperatureRegulate climateSense temperature cues from the environmentStore energy
strategy

Probing for foodcopperband butterfly fish

The snout of the copperband butterfly fish probes for food in the crevices thanks to its tubular shape, bristle-like teeth.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organisms
strategy

Blood cells protect from dehydrationdromedary camel

The red blood cells of the dromedary camel protect it from dehydration because the oval-shaped cells can circulate even in thick blood and can significantly expand during rehydration.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute liquids
strategy

Eardrums provide directional hearinga parasitic fly

The eardrums of a parasitic fly can help locate its host through sound thanks to the see-saw shape of the membranes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Sense sound and other vibrations from the environment
strategy

Staggered flowering times increase likelihood of pollinationPeatland Ericad Plants

Staggered flowering times among ericad peatland plants increase likelihood of successful pollination by reducing competition for scarce pollinators.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within an ecosystemCooperate/compete between different speciesCoordinate activities
strategy

Sea urchin shell effectively prevents cracking and breakingsea urchin

The shell of a sea urchin prevents breakage via interlocking plates and an oblate shape.

Profile PhotoJordan Greer
Manage compressionPrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Leaves have elasticity, shape memoryresurrection fern

Leaves of the resurrection fern regain shape after dehydration due to hierarchical structure of palisade and spongy layers.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter liquidsModify size/shape/mass/volumeStore liquids
strategy

Shell alters buoyancygreen turtle

The shell of some sea turtles allows for different levels of buoyancy for juveniles and adults by changing shape.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify buoyancyMove in/on liquids
strategy

Blades balance drag reduction and solar exposureBull kelp

Blades of bull kelp balance drag reduction and sunlight exposure in different flow environments via changes in width and flatness.

Profile PhotoDimitri Smirnoff
Adapt phenotypeCapture, absorb, or filter energyManage turbulenceModify size/shape/mass/volumeOptimize shape/materials
strategy

Shape-shifting aids swimmingbacteria

Body of bacteria moves through water by shape-shifting.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/on liquids
strategy

Egg shape prevents fallsguillemots

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify position
strategy

Structure and shape provide flexibilityvines

Architecture of vines increases flexibility via soft tissue components and ribbon-like shape.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Physically assemble structure
strategy

Wing scales help camouflage from sonarmoth

The scales on moth wings help camouflage them from predatory bats because their uneven shape prevents the bats' sonar from detecting them clearly.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeProtect from animalsSend sound signals
strategy

Mounds shed waterWest African termites

Mounds of West African termites are built to shed water via mushroom-like shape.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from excess liquids
strategy

Predatory fish maintain ecosystem functionslake ecosystem

Predatory fish maintain lake ecosystems by keeping trophic cascade levels in equilibrium.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Biological control of populations, pests, diseasesMaintain biodiversity
strategy

Body shape and position direct water currentblack flies

The larvae of black flies direct water currents to create conditions favorable to gathering and filtering food by adjusting the shape and position of their body and foldable, food-trapping mouth fans.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organismsDistribute gases
strategy

Hydrological regimes maintain organismsstreams

Streams maintain aquatic organisms by maintaining natural hydrological regimes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Regulate hydrological flows
strategy

Change increases aerodynamic performancecommon swift

Wings of gliding birds increase aerodynamic performance by continuously changing shape and size.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/through gases
strategy

Disturbances help maintain diversitywestern hemlock-Sitka spruce forests

Western hemlock-Sitka spruce forests maintain diversity partly thanks to wind disturbance patterns.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversity
strategy

Supportive gel enables extreme shape changesea anemone

The supportive gel-like substance (mesoglea) of sea anemones allows extreme shape changing due to its viscoelasticity.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionModify size/shape/mass/volume
strategy

Seedpod autorotatessycamore

Samara of the sycamore autorotates due to curved shape.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seedsDistribute gasesMove in/through gases
strategy

Leaves protect from the elementsconifers

The leaves of conifers protect from drought, snow and cold by employing unique design elements, including a needle shape, thick waxy rinds, and pores set in deep grooves in the needles.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from loss of liquidsProtect from temperature
strategy

Weak leaves deal with strong windsplants

The leaves of trees deal with strong winds by adjusting their configurations in order to reduce exposure and limit flutter.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from wind
strategy

Roots attach firmlyCommon Ivy

Roots of English ivy attach firmly to surfaces using a multi-step attachment strategy involving glue and shape-changing root hairs.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach permanently
strategy

Elaborate stigmas capture pollen grainsgrasses

The stigmas of grasses capture flying pollen due to their elaborate shape.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter solids
strategy

Round shape reduces water losspebble plants

The rounded shape of the leaves of pebble plants minimizes evaporation due to its low surface area relative to volume.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from loss of liquids
strategy

Fire and bison grazing in grasslands lead to diversityGreat Plains mesic grasslands

The interaction of two disturbances—bison grazing patterns and fire—increases biodiversity by creating a heterogeneous patchwork of plant communities in grasslands.

Profile PhotoMegan Schuknecht
Maintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Leaf shapes optimize sunlightOlive tree

Leaves of olive trees optimize sunlight harvesting by differing in shape and being flexible to changing conditions

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Adapt phenotypeCapture, absorb, or filter energyDistribute energyModify size/shape/mass/volume
strategy

Ink cloud distracts predatorsoctopus

The ink cloud emitted by an octopus when threatened aids escape because it resembles the shape of the octopus.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from animals
strategy

Bill reduces dragblack skimmer

The bill of a skimmer bird reduces drag because it is laterally flattened.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage turbulenceMove in/through gases
strategy

Design features aid efficient attachmentlice

Lice adhere to their hosts' skin using strong claws and flat bodies.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach permanentlyAttach temporarilyManage impactManage shear
strategy

Disturbances maintain habitatScandinavian heath and beech forests

Scandinavian subalpine and alpine habitats are maintained when they continue to experience pulsed disturbances.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Biological control of populations, pests, diseasesMaintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Hydroskeleton changes shaperibbon worms

The movement of ribbon worms is governed by the fiber arrangement of their hydrostatic skeleton.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeMove in/on liquids
strategy

Tentacles maintain tension as flow increasesmarine polychaete worm

The tentacles of a marine polychaete worm maintain tension as flow increases by extending through a combination of muscular and passive actions.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage tensionManage turbulence
strategy

Body changes shapesea anemone

The central cavity of sea anemones is reinflated by water pumping in at low pressures thanks to ciliary pumps.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute liquidsModify size/shape/mass/volume
strategy

Membranes maintain salt balancecrab-eating frog

Membranes of crab-eating frog tadpoles allow them to survive in salt water via active ion transport.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasis
strategy

Vascular lining helps maintain body temperatureleatherback sea turtle

The vascular lining in the trachea of adult leatherback sea turtles helps them maintain body temperature while foraging in cold water via counter-current exchange.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasis
strategy

Double-layered ball assists spore dispersalearthstar fungus

The double-layered ball of an earth-star fungus launches spores by splitting its outer skin, turning it inside out, and using it to push the second sphere and its contents up and out.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seedsModify positionModify size/shape/mass/volumePhysically assemble structure
strategy

Systems allow changes in mechanical propertiesorganisms

Systems in nature allow organisms to change shape or their mechanical properties without changing the properties of given materials thanks to articulated struts.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compression
strategy

Ecosystem has long-term sustainabilitydehesa ecosystem

Dehesas maintain a diversity of products and long-term ecological sustainability by sub-optimization of resources.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversity
strategy

Asymmetric burrow openings create passive ventilationprairie dog

Differences in position and shape of burrow openings of black-tailed prairie dogs create passive ventilation from wind energy by altering air pressure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute gases
strategy

Body shape reduces frictiondolphin

The body of the dolphin has low friction in water by having an optimal length to diameter ratio.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage turbulenceMove in/on liquidsOptimize shape/materials
strategy

Tail prevents sinkingsturgeons

Tails of sharks and sturgeons keep these heavy-bodied animals from sinking because they are assymetrical and produce an upward-directed torque.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionModify buoyancyModify positionMove in/on liquids
strategy

Shape of feather shafts protect from windbirds

The shafts of feathers and petioles of leaves protect from wind by having non-circular cross sections.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Prevent buckling
strategy

Pit-and-mound topography fosters biodiversityDouglas fir forests

The pit-and-mound surface microtopography of the forest floor in Douglas fir forests helps create and maintain diversity by creating microhabitats.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Pollen survives extreme dehydrationflowering plants

Pollen of flowering plants can survive extreme dehydration via several mechanisms, including a reversible wall-folding pathway that results in complete impermeability.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeProtect from loss of liquids
strategy

Feet maintain tractionmountain goat

The feet of mountain goats maintain traction when climbing using cloven hooves with a hard outer shell and soft, flexible inner pads, as well as slip-stopping dewclaws.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach temporarilyMove in/on solids
strategy

Shell changes shapepancake tortoise

The shell of the pancake tortoise allows it to wedge into small spaces by being flexible at the bridges.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionModify size/shape/mass/volume
strategy

Swim bladder helps maintain buoyancyray-finned fish

Swim bladders of fish at depth help maintain buoyancy by regulating gas levels.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify buoyancy
strategy

Body shape influences stability and maneuverabilityspotted boxfish

The shape of the boxfish controls water flow around the body to influence stability and maneuverability.

Profile PhotoAlexandra Ralevski
Manage turbulenceMove in/on liquids
strategy

Pouch stores seedClark's nutcracker

The throat of the Clark's nutcracker can temporarily store up to 150 small seeds thanks to an expandable pouch.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeStore solids
strategy

Excavating behavior increases ecosystem biodiversityred grouper

Excavating behavior of red groupers increases biodiversity in reef communities because they create and maintain habitats.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Control erosion and sedimentMaintain biodiversity
strategy

Fins provide streamlined shapetuna

Fins of ocean-going fish such as tuna are streamlined because they fit close to the body in depressions and grooves when not needed.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage turbulenceModify size/shape/mass/volumeMove in/on liquids
strategy

Shape shades and enhances heat radiationcactus

Cacti stay cool by having ribs that provide shade and enhance heat radiation.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Camouflage reduces herbivorypebble plants

The flat, rounded leaves and underground growth of pebble plants may protect them from herbivory by serving as camouflage.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify positionModify size/shape/mass/volumeProtect from animals
strategy

Guard hairs form waterproof barrierseals

The guard hairs of seals form a waterproof barrier due, in part, to their flattened shape.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/on liquidsProtect from excess liquids
strategy

Footpads manage increasing body massmammals

The footpads of mammals maintain functional integrity as body mass increases through changes in geometry and material properties.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionManage impact
strategy

Bones self-healvertebrates

Osteoclasts/osteoblasts of bones maintain skeletal homeostasis by resorbing bone/forming newly synthesized matrix.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionManage impactManage shearManage tensionPrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Flexibility reduces dragdaffodil

The flowers of daffodils twist in the wind, reducing drag because of their torsional flexibility due to stem noncircularity.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from wind
strategy

Covering protects eyepied kingfisher

The eye of the pied kingfisher is protected during high speed water entry via a bony plate.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impact
strategy

Foam builds shelter, provides waterJapanese flying frog

Nests of flying frogs protect eggs and tadpoles due to protective foam that dissolves to create an interior pool of water.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeProtect from loss of liquids
strategy

Leaves channel watersacred fig

The leaves of some tropical plants channel water off their surface via unique shape, called drip tips.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute liquids
strategy

Uterus expands/contractsmammals

The uterus of female mammals can expand and contract to accommodate its contents thanks to spiral muscle fibers in its central myometrial layer.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumePrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Environmental disturbance promotes diversitywet prairie ecosystem

Grasses of wet prairies in South Florida thrive by being adapted to fire during the growing season.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversity
strategy

Natural disturbances enhance heterogeneityforest ecosystems

The heterogeneity of forest ecosystems is enhanced by natural disturbances that create canopy gaps.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Generate soil/renew fertilityMaintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Worm tolerates temperature gradient of 140 deg FPompeii worm

Pompeii worms tolerate the steepest temperature gradient on the planet using multiple strategies.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Shrub maintains biodiversityBanksia

Scrubland ecosystem depends on a shrub, Banksia, to maintain multiple ecological functions through mutualism.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversity
strategy

Microtopographic relief fosters diversitywetland ecosystems

Wetlands create diversity by having microtopographic relief that creates microhabitats for plants and animals.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Antennae enhance odor detectiongiant silkworm moths

The antennae of silkworm moths increase sensitivity to odors because the shape and structure of sensillae direct air flow through them.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Sense chemicals (odor, taste, etc) from the environment
strategy

Fruiting tree holds key role in forestCaesaria tree

The Caesaria tree helps maintain diversity and prevent extinctions in its forest ecosystem because it produces fruit to sustain several animal species through times of scarcity.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within an ecosystemDisperse seedsMaintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Bacteria fight fungusleafcutter ants

Fungal gardens of leafcutter ants are free of undesired, parasitic fungus due to presence of symbiotic Streptomyces bacteria.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
CoevolveProtect from fungi
strategy

Low-energy perchingmousebird

Mousebirds are able to perch without energy use thanks to an anatomical locking device.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach temporarilyManage tensionModify position
strategy

Curved spine deals with tensionsloth

The spine of a sloth supports its body weight under tension via curved shape.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage tension
strategy

Natural ecosystem demonstrates sustainability

Diversity and life-span of plants help prairie ecosystems use water and nutrients efficiently.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Control erosion and sedimentCycle nutrientsGenerate soil/renew fertility
strategy

Species diversity maintains grasslandsTanzania's Serengeti Plain

The species diversity of grazers and plants helps maintain grasslands by offering a menu of plants of different palatabilities.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a communityProtect from animals
strategy

Mouthpart functions changebutterfly

The mouthparts of a caterpillar and its butterfly serve drastically different functions with minimal energy loss because they arise from the same basic morphological pattern.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeOptimize shape/materials
strategy

Insect elytra resist shear and crackingbeetles

Elytra of beetles maintain integrity of their two layers by transforming forces through connecting bio-nails.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impactManage shearPrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Elevated rings increase diversityseaside arrowgrass

Seaside arrowgrass facilitates plant diversity in salt marshes by creating elevated rings with its rhizomes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversity
strategy

Transport tubes plugged when damagedfava bean

Nutrient transport tubes in fava beans and other legumes are plugged quickly when damaged via shape-changing mechano-proteins called forisomes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage shearProtect from loss of liquidsTransform mechanical energy
strategy

Tails aid fast swimmingswordfish

The tails of swordfish help them swim fast over long distances due to their stiffness and crescent shape.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify speedMove in/on liquids
strategy

Mound facilitates gas exchangemound-building termites

The structure of above-ground macrotermite mounds facilitates gas exchange in the below-ground nest using internal air currents driven by solar heat.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter energyDistribute gases
strategy

Maintaining genetic and species diversityblack mustard

In some plant communities, genetic variation among individual plants may depend on the diversity of competitor species, and the conservation of species diversity may also depend on genetic diversity among individuals.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within the same speciesCooperate/compete between different speciesMaintain biodiversity
strategy

Beak snaps shuthummingbird

The beak of the hummingbird can snap closed to capture insects due to stored elastic energy.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Store energy
strategy

Nest sheds watertropical hornet

Nest of tropical hornet sheds water via conical roof.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from excess liquids
strategy

Eye spots deter animalsspicebush swallowtail

Eyespots of the spicebush swallowtail butterfly caterpillar protect it from predators because their tear shape creates an illusion of movable, watchful eyes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
strategy

Dome-shape protects nestovenbird

The nest of the ovenbird is a protective home because it is a dome made of mud pellets.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Physically assemble structure
strategy

Beak provides streamliningcommon kingfisher

The shape of the kingfisher beak allows it to dive into the water without splashing

Profile PhotoSam Stier
Move in/on liquidsMove in/through gases
strategy

Light used for instant signalingcomb jellies

An enzyme called photoprotein in comb jellies produces light when calcium changes the enzyme's shape, releasing energy.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Transform radiant energy (light)
strategy

Varied landscapes increase population stabilityecosystems

Landscapes with diverse topography and habitat types encourage population stability in butterflies, likely from greater availability of resources and microclimates.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversity
strategy

Beavers remodel land and stream ecosystemsAmerican beaver

Beaver dams change stream flows and create a patchwork of habitat diversity.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Control erosion and sedimentMaintain biodiversityRegulate hydrological flows
strategy

Mounds increase diversitymound-building termites

The mounds created by some termites increase diversity in wetlands because they form 'islands,' supporting trees and other species during the wet season.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Control erosion and sedimentCycle nutrientsMaintain biodiversityManage disturbance in a community
strategy

Enhancing species richnessbeavers

Beavers enhance species richness in their environments by increasing habitat heterogeneity.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain biodiversity
strategy

Tussocks enhance species diversityupright sedges

Tussocks of Carex stricta sedges in meadows enhance species diversity by providing multiple micro-habitats and undergoing seasonal changes in composition.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within an ecosystemMaintain biodiversityRegulate climate
strategy

Periodic swarming to find new resourcesNorway lemmings

Norway lemmings emigrate en mass in search of food once their population size reaches 40-100 individuals per acre.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Coordinate activities
strategy

Communication molecules coordinate behaviorchronic wound bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria in chronic wounds communicate using signaling molecules.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Coordinate activitiesSend chemical signals (odor, taste, etc.)Sense chemicals (odor, taste, etc) from the environment
strategy

Social networking aids housing searchhermit crabs

Social networking behaviors in hermit crabs help them find new homes through vacancy chains.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within the same speciesCoordinate activitiesDistribute solidsOptimize shape/materials
strategy

Congregating and physical stimulation trigger swarmingdesert locusts

Solitary forms of desert locusts transform into those that swarm when environmental conditions force the locusts to congregate in groups, increasing physical stimulation that sets off a metabolic and behavioral cascade.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Coordinate activitiesCoordinate by self-organizationSense touch and mechanical forces in a living system
strategy

Periodic emergence synchronizedcicadas

The emergence of cicadas may be triggered by their sensing of cyclical cues from nearby tree roots.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Coordinate activitiesRegulate reproduction or growthSense time and day length
strategy

Snout detects pressurestar-nosed mole

The snout of talpids can detect pressure and other sensory input thanks to the Eimer's gland, a mechanosensory organ.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Sense touch and mechanical forces in a living system
strategy

Nest is reinforcedmagpie lark

The nest of the magpie lark provides a sturdy home on a branch because it is a bowl-shape, made of mud and reinforced with sticks, feathers, fur, and grass.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Physically assemble structure
strategy

Signalling synchronizes bioluminescenceVibrio fisheri bacteria

Members of Vibrio fisheri bacterial colonies synchronize bioluminescent light production via a cell-to-cell signalling mechanism known as quorum sensing.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Coordinate activities
strategy

Highly stretchable stipe resists breakingBull kelp

Highly stretchable stipe of bull kelp resists breaking because of restraining cellulose fibers

Profile PhotoDimitri Smirnoff
Manage shearManage tension
strategy

Fine strands stabilize boneshumans

The spongy bones of humans handle stress efficiently via the distribution of fine strands called trabeculae.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impact
strategy

Plant resists blister blighttea plant

The defense mechanism of tea plants resists blister blight leaf disease in part due to the chemical epicatechin.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from fungi
strategy

Saucer-like structure aids spore dispersalbird's nest fungus

The saucer-like top of a bird's nest fungus launches spore capsules by deflecting heavy raindrops that dislodge the capsules and disperse them.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seedsDistribute solids
strategy

Mycosporines protect from UV light, desiccationmicrocolonial fungi

Microcolonial fungi are protected from UV light and desiccation via mycosporines.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from lightProtect from loss of liquids
strategy

Polypeptide inhibits microbial growthCalifornia sea hare

The California sea hare inhibits microbial growth using escapin, a polypeptide.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from microbes
strategy

Water aids pollinationeelgrass

A tethered structure of the eelgrass flower draws in free-sailing male flowers for pollination by forming a dimple on the water surface.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute solidsMove in/on liquidsPollinateRegulate reproduction or growth
strategy

Collenchyma cells provide strength, flexibilityplants

Collenchyma cells in vascular plants support growing parts due to flexible cellulosic walls, which lignify once growth has ceased.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compression
strategy

Surface tension flings sporesfern

The spores of one fern are launched from the sporangium using a mechanism based on surface tension and evaporation.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seedsDistribute solids
strategy

Embryos go into dormancyred kangaroo

The reproductive system of female red kangaroos holds embryos in developmental dormancy via hormones.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Regulate reproduction or growth
strategy

Fluid pressure provides supportblue crab

The body of the blue crab functions during exoskeletal molt using hydrostatic pressure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionManage tension
strategy

Hibernator survives low food supplybasking shark

The metabolism of basking sharks allows survival of winter food limitations via torpor, a hibernation-like state.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasis
strategy

Fibers reinforce hydrostatic skeletonssunflowers

Hydrostatic structures found in sunflowers and other many other organisms serve various functions but almost always use helical fibers as reinforcement.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compression
strategy

Wood resists fracturetrees

Wood of trees resists crosswise fracture via complex architecture.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage shear
strategy

Wing scales provide liftbutterflies

The wings of butterflies gain lift because their scales point away from the leading edge of the wing, helping air flow smoothly over the wing.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage turbulenceMove in/through gases
strategy

Biofilms protect bacteriagram negative bacteria

Colonies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria protect themselves from antibiotics and other insults by grouping together and secreting adhesive polysaccharides, forming what is known as a biofilm.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from microbes
strategy

Mats uniformly distribute resourcesblack grama grass

Grasses in deserts uniformly distribute rainfall and nutrients by forming a mat of roots that limits shrub establishment.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cycle nutrientsDistribute liquids
strategy

Collaborating for group decisionshoneybees

Honeybees collaborate when foraging, selecting a new hive through knowledge sharing.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within the same speciesCoordinate by self-organization
strategy

Neurotoxin protects from predatorspoison-dart frog

Glands in the skin of poison-dart frogs protect from predators via a secreted neurotoxin called batrachotoxin.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from animals
strategy

Seeds survive various conditionsmangroves

Some species of mangrove seedlings enhance their chances of survival due to several characteristics: sharp spikes stick in the ground, photosynthesizing stem, and adaptations for both salty and fresh water.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seedsProtect from loss of liquidsProtect from temperature
strategy

Pulled support stalks experience lower stress forces

Long and skinny support stalks (stipe) of seaweed experience lower stress forces when pulled rather than bent.

Profile PhotoDimitri Smirnoff
Manage tension
strategy

Large trunks and thick bark prevent bucklingbaobab

The large trunk and thick outer bark allow baobab trees to grow tall while resisting buckling.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionPrevent buckling
strategy

Group minimizes wind resistancepelicans

Pelicans flying in groups adjust their spacing to minimize wind resistance.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within the same speciesCoordinate activitiesCoordinate by self-organizationManage turbulenceModify buoyancyMove in/through gasesOptimize shape/materials
strategy

Membranes desalinate watermangrove

Mangroves extract salt from water via transpiration and filtering through membranes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter chemical entitiesMaintain homeostasis
strategy

Lack of wing scales enhances camouflageclearwing butterfies

The wings of a clearwing butterfly provide camouflage because they lack scales, allowing whatever background the butterfly has landed on to show through its wings.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/colorModify material characteristicsOptimize shape/materialsPhysically assemble structureProtect from animals
strategy

Mating flights associated with thunderstormsmoths

Some moths in New Zealand detect positive ion accumulation in the atmosphere preceding thunderstorms.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Coordinate activitiesSense electricity/magnetism from the environmentSensing atmospheric conditions
strategy

Sharp teeth always availablenurse sharks

The teeth of nurse sharks are always sharp and effective because new rows of teeth develop constantly to replace older, worn down teeth.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage mechanical wearPhysically assemble structure
idea

Self-healing Autonomous MaterialSchool for Engineering of Matter, Transport, & Energy

Damage-sensing, self-healing materials

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
strategy

Seeds dispersed across the seasea bean

The seeds of sea beans are dispersed great distances in water thanks to durable woody pods.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seedsManage mechanical wearProtect from excess liquids
strategy

Seeds survive long sea voyagescoconut palm

The seeds of coconut palms survive long sea voyages because they are enclosed in nutrient-rich, water-filled protective shells.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seedsManage mechanical wearProtect from excess liquids
strategy

Scales create brilliant whiteCyphochilus beetles

Ultrathin exterior scales of beetles create brilliant whiteness by scattering a wide spectrum of visible light wavelengths.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute energyModify light/colorSend light signals in the visible spectrum
strategy

Structures create colorful featherscommon kingfisher

Feathers of the common kingfisher create colorful feathers due to pigment granules, spongy nanostructures, and thin films.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/color
strategy

Body surfaces reflect light to create colorsjewel beetles

The body surfaces of jewel beetles and other beetles create colors by reflecting lights at different wavelengths.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/colorSend light signals in the visible spectrum
strategy

Folds allow efficient leaf deploymentplants

Leaves of plants maximize time exposed for photosynthesis by using various packaging schemes to fold the large leaves within the buds so they can begin photosynthesizing upon deployment.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeOptimize shape/materials
strategy

Chemicals made with natural ingredientsbacteria

Bacteria can use natural chemicals to create complex molecules, including antibiotics, with special enzymes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Catalyze chemical breakdownChemically assemble organic compounds
strategy

Shapes cover curved surfaces efficientlytortoise

The shell of tortoises optimizes material use for a curved surface via hexagonal subunits and filler shapes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Optimize shape/materialsPhysically assemble structure
strategy

Leaf serves as containerred oak roller weevil

Female red oak roller weevils create packages to hold their eggs by cutting and rolling oak leaves into tubes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumePhysically assemble structureProtect from animals
strategy

Hairs create colorsweevils

Hairs of weevils produce metallic blue and green coloring by having fine, scaly structure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/colorSend light signals in the visible spectrum
strategy

Structures optimize material useplants

Plants maximize strength while reducing materials by incorporating tetrahedral elements that can be stacked in hexagonal containers.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impactOptimize shape/materialsPhysically assemble structure
strategy

Wing scales cause light to diffract and interfereMorpho butterflies

Wings of Morpho butterflies create color by causing light waves to diffract and interfere.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/color
strategy

Claw snaps shutpistol shrimp

A specialized claw of the pistol shrimp creates a localized pressure wave by bubble collapse.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Transform mechanical energy
strategy

Lipochromes create red feathersscarlet macaw

The feathers of scarlet macaws gain their red coloration via five lipochromes produced only in parrots.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/colorSend light signals in the visible spectrum
strategy

Moving cilia create iridescencecomb jellies

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Send light signals in the visible spectrumTransform radiant energy (light)
strategy

Receptors create thermal imagepit viper

Thermoreceptors found in pits in a viper's face provide it with a bifocal thermal image of prey because the fields of thermal sensitivity overlap.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organismsSense temperature cues from the environment
strategy

Pigment granules create colorsdamselflies

The bodies of damselflies have brilliant metallic colors derived from structural arrangement of pigment granules.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/colorSend light signals in the visible spectrum
strategy

Tissues create hydrostatic pressureplants

Tissues of plants generate hydrostatic pressure by injecting solutes into a confined space and allowing water to enter.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter liquidsModify pressureStore liquids
strategy

Crystals create iridescent sheenrainbow trout

The scales of a rainbow trout have a silvery shine due to guanine crystals.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/color
strategy

Carotenoids create yellow colorAmerican goldfinch

The feathers of the American goldfinch appear yellow in color due to carotenoids.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/colorSend light signals in the visible spectrum
strategy

Layers create multihued appearancebeetle

Carapace of beetle appears multihued because of ultrathin layers in a corkscrew orientation.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/color
strategy

Oils vaporize to create scenttitan arum

Oils in the titan arum plant are volatilized to release its unique scent by raising the internal temperature.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify phase
strategy

Eyes judge distance without head movementchameleon

The cornea of a chameleon, rather than the lens, focuses incoming light to create an image, allowing chameleons to judge distance moving only their eyes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Sense light (visible spectrum) from the environment
strategy

Larvae produce foammeadow spittlebug

The larvae of meadow spittlebugs produce their protective foam casings by exhaling air into a viscid fluid.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify material characteristicsModify size/shape/mass/volumePhysically assemble structure
strategy

Guard cells regulate gas and moisture exchangeplants

Stomatal pores in plants regulate the amount of water and solutes within them by opening and closing their guard cells using osmotic pressure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Regulate cellular processes
strategy

Scales provide penetrative protectionstriped bass

Scales on striped bass provide high resistance to penetration due to their double-layer structure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impactPrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Flowers of the red mistletoe attract specific pollinatorsmistletoe

The flowers of the red mistletoe protect from unwanted visitors by utilizing a pollinator-specific design.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate/compete between different speciesDisperse seedsPollinateProtect from animals
strategy

External hydrodynamic lever increases forcearcher fish

The water jet produced by the mouth of the archer fish assists the capture of prey by increasing in volume at the head of the jet to multiply force.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organismsDistribute liquids
strategy

Spring directs spore dispersal in low humidityhorsetail

The elaters of horsetail plants aid spore dispersal by coiling and uncoiling in response to humidity.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seedsSensing atmospheric conditions
strategy

Muscles create heat to warm nesthoneybee

Flight muscles of the western honey bee warm the brood nest by contracting without wing movement and transferring heat to brood cells.

Profile PhotoHannah Schulze
Protect from temperatureSense temperature cues from the environmentTransform thermal energy
strategy

Fibers reinforce nestswasps

Nests and honeycombs of wasps are sturdy because they incorporate fibers in a parallel pattern.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Physically assemble structure
strategy

Cocoon lining prevents ice crystalsmoths

Oral secretions in the cocoons of many moths prevent formation of ice crystals because they form a fine, dry, web-like lining.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from ice
strategy

Clapping used for underwater movementrough fileclam

The shells of the rough fileclam aid movement through water via jet propulsion.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Expel liquidsMove in/on liquids
strategy

Scales provide flexible, strong protectionpangolin

Scales of pangolins provide flexibility yet strong protection by overlapping like roof shingles.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from animals
strategy

Skeleton components arranged efficientlystarfish

The skeletons of some echinoderms arrange their calcium carbonate plates efficiently using pentaradial symmetry.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Optimize shape/materialsPhysically assemble structure
strategy

Wings work in unisoninsects

Insects with two pairs of wings have them work in unison by attaching the wings in various ways, with hooks, folds, or catches.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Adapt behaviorsAttach permanentlyAttach temporarilyCoordinate activitiesModify position
strategy

Membranes avoid meltingmethanogen (thermophile)

Membranes of Methanopyrus microbes avoid melting in high heat because they are made up of waxy chemicals instead of ordinary fats.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Hairs prevent entry of waterrat-tailed maggot

The breathing tubes of rat-tailed maggots block water from entering via hydrophobic hairs.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from excess liquids
strategy

Feather structure insulatesCanada goose

Down feathers of geese insulate through special architecture.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Matrix stiffens connective tissuesponges

The connective tissue of sponges is a matrix stiffened by embedded spicules.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionModify material characteristics
strategy

Bristles and barbs capture minute foodsCalanoid copepods

Suspension-feeding appendages of Calanoid copepods capture minute particles and organisms from the surrounding water with the help of attached bristles and barbs.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organismsCapture, absorb, or filter solids
strategy

Waterproof lipid-layer prevents desiccationfrogs

The skin of terrestrial frogs protects from water loss via a waterproof, lipid-containing layer.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from loss of liquids
strategy

Channels protect from freezinggoldenrod gall fly

Transmembrane channels, referred to as aquaporins, protect goldenrod gall fly from freezing in the winter by rapidly redistributing water out of cells.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute liquidsExpel liquidsProtect from ice
strategy

Cell coat provides impermeabilityamoeba

The cell coat of the amoeba provides an impermeable layer of protection via a series of tightly packed helical proteins protruding from the cell membrane.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from light
strategy

Jumping legs resist failuredesert locust

The jumping legs of the locust avoid failure due to high and frequent loading through viscoelasticity and plasticity of the chitin protein matrix.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impactManage mechanical wearPrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Lunging after preydragonfly larvae

The larvae of dragonflies squirt water out their anuses to lunge forward after prey thanks to hydraulic linkages.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organismsMove in/on liquidsTransform mechanical energy
strategy

Architecture avoids flooding, creates microclimatesants

The nests of fungus-growing ants avoid flood damage and create uniform microclimates via necklace-like or tree-like architecture.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from excess liquidsProtect from temperature
strategy

Mixture waterproofs nestspaper wasps

Paper wasps use an oral secretion combined with masticated plant matter to create waterproof paper nests.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Chemically break down organic compoundsProtect from excess liquids
strategy

Teeth are self-sharpeningAmerican beaver

The teeth of beavers self-sharpen because their inner surface is softer than the outer enamel and wears away faster to create a sharp edge.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage mechanical wearModify material characteristicsModify size/shape/mass/volume
strategy

Vibrations attract antsAustralian blue butterfly

The pupae of blue butterflies attract protective ants by rubbing together teeth-like projections on their bodies to create vibrations.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from animalsSend vibratory signals
strategy

Shell provides drought protectionlungfish

Some lungfish survive drought by burrowing into mud and secreting mucus that hardens into a protective shell around them.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from loss of liquids
strategy

Varying response thresholds aid hive thermoregulationhoneybee

Honeybees in a colony regulate hive temperature due to diverse response thresholds.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within the same speciesMaintain homeostasisProtect from temperature
strategy

Nurse shrubs promote ecosystem regenerationMediterranean montane ecosystems

Pioneering nurse shrubs in Mediterranean montane forests promote ecosystem regeneration by increasing shade above ground and potassium below ground.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within an ecosystemDistribute solidsGenerate soil/renew fertilityManage disturbance in a communityRegulate climate
strategy

Energy transfers in photosynthetic processgreen sulphur bacteria

The photosynthetic complexes of green sulphur bacteria maximize efficient energy transfer by creating coherent quantum waves.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute energy
strategy

Multitasking on the movepseudoscorpions

One species of pseudoscorpion fights for mating privileges while emigrating to a new tree on a harlequin beetle.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Adapt behaviorsCoordinate activitiesMove in/through gasesOptimize shape/materials
strategy

Feet adhere temporarilyaphids

The feet of aphids appear to adhere to surfaces using capillary adhesion.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach temporarilyMove in/on solidsSend sound signals
strategy

Vessels resist bubble formationtrees

Xylem vessels running up tree trunks prevent gas bubble formation because all surfaces are hydrophilic.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute liquidsProtect from gases
strategy

Scale creates broadband diffuse silver reflectivityArgyrophorus argenteus

Wings of the butterfly Argyrophorus argenteus creates silver color via sub-micron thick scales that scatter light and create a range of periodicities parallel to the scale surface.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/color
strategy

Tongue protected from thornsgiraffe

The tongues and mouths of giraffes and other ungulates are protected when eating thorny plants because they are leathery.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage mechanical wearModify material characteristics
strategy

Pads cushion feetmammals

The foot pads of many mammals provide cushioning using hydrostatic structures, essentially working as fluid-filled cushions.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impactStore energy
strategy

Evaporation releases seedsBrazilian hura trees

Brazilian Hura trees launch seeds using tension created by varying rates of evaporation.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seeds
strategy

Rolling locomotion aids escapemother-of-pearl moth caterpillar

The body of the mother-of-pearl moth caterpillar escapes predators by anchoring its tail, recoiling, and rolling backwards.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/on solidsProtect from animals
strategy

Microbe survives extreme heatPyrolobus archaea

The ability of Pyrolobus fumarii archaea to survive extreme heat may be related to the accumulation of charged organic solutes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Pores allow gas exchangebirds

The eggs of a birds provide gas exchange through pore canals.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute gasesProtect from dirt/solidsProtect from excess liquids
strategy

Bubble raft used to float on waterviolet snail

The mobile foot of the aquatic violet snail creates a raft by collecting air bubbles and enveloping them in mucus.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify buoyancyMove in/on liquidsPhysically assemble structure
strategy

Fiber gives toughnessbamboo and trees

Fibers of bamboo and trees provide toughness by their simple structure of fiber-reinforced composites

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Prevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Magnesium substitution prevents crackssea snail

The egg capsule of a sea snail resists cracks due to substituting calcium with magnesium.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Chemically assemble mineral crystalsManage compressionPrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Valves handle high pressureshumans

The aortic valve in vertebrate hearts allows the tissue to expand under high pressures by having elastic properties.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute liquids
strategy

Weak interfaces make material toughnacre

Layers of weak and stretchy organic material between brittle mineral layers in nacre make the whole composite tough by managing cracks.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionPrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Wings enable glideflying dragon

Special elongated ribs of the flying dragon lizard enable it to glide via adjustable membranes that act as 'wings'.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/through gases
strategy

Tension releases seedsbroom

Seed pods of broom shrub disperse seeds via evaporative tension buildup and release.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seeds
strategy

Lightweight structure aids dispersaldandelions

The seeds of dandelions are efficiently dispersed on the wind thanks to tiny discs of radiating threads that act as parachutes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Disperse seeds
strategy

Changes in protein-pigment complex protect from heat and desiccationlichen

Lichens can tolerate extreme heat and desiccation in part due to conformational modifications in a protein-pigment complex.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from loss of liquidsProtect from temperature
strategy

Seed compartment impervious to rainNamaqualand mesems

A seed-containing structure in some mesembryanthemums provides long-term protection for some seeds because it is impervious to rain.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from excess liquids
strategy

Light-transmitting fibersVenus flower basket

The glass-like fibers of a glass sponge transmit light better than our fiber optics, yet are made from natural materials and at ambient temperatures.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute energySend light signals in the non-visible spectrum
strategy

Gular fluttering dissipates heatnightjars

The gular sack of nightjars helps to dissipate heat efficiently by vibrating.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasisProtect from temperature
strategy

Hardened bubbles provide protectionfoam-nesting frog

Bubble nest of foam-nesting frogs protects eggs and young by hardening into a protective casing.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impactModify material characteristicsProtect from animalsProtect from lightProtect from loss of liquidsProtect from temperature
strategy

Skin maintains structural rigidityhuman

Human skin maintains its structural rigidity while expanding in water due to helical fibers of keratin woven into a three-dimensional pattern.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from excess liquids
strategy

Tyrisonase enzymes aid crosslinkingorganisms

Tyrosinase enzymes serve a wide variety of crosslinking functions in organisms by catalyzing the oxidation of phenols and converting them into reactive quinones.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach a functional groupAttach permanentlyAttach temporarilyCatalyze chemical breakdownChemically assemble polymersModify oxidation stateProtect from microbes
strategy

Water vapor harvestingNamib Desert beetle

Surfaces of wing covers on some darkling beetles gather water using nanoscale bumps and body position.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Adapt behaviorsCapture, absorb, or filter liquids
strategy

Head bores through woodshipworm

The head of a shipworm bores circular burrows in wood thanks to raspy, rotating shells.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Break down living materialsChemically break down organic compoundsMove in/on solids
strategy

Down feathers insulateking eider

The down feathers of eider ducks provide insulation due to lack of barbules and ability to fluff.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Body changes stiffnesssea cucumber

The body of the sea cucumber changes from soft to standard to hard due to stiffening and plastizing factors and exuding water.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify material characteristics
strategy

Skin properties derive from arrangement of componentsmammals

The skin of mammals may derive its unique mechanical properties and other characteristics from the arrangement of its stratum corneum keratin intermediate filaments into cubic rod-packing symmetry.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage mechanical wearPrevent deformationProtect from excess liquidsProtect from loss of liquids
strategy

Hairs absorb ultraviolet radiationedelweiss

The wooly hairs of the alpine edelweiss protect the plant's cells from ultraviolet radiation by acting as photonic structures that interact with and absorb the UV radiation.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from light
strategy

Deployable web distracts predatorsblanket octopus

The membrane attached to some arms of the blanket octopus serves as a defense mechanism because it expands to distract predators and can be shed if necessary.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeProtect from animals
strategy

Ice in rosette protects bud from frostlobelia

A liquid held in the rosette of a lobelia protects the plant's terminal bud from frost by forming a shield of ice over the submerged bud on cold nights.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Gular pouch used to attract matefrigatebird

Male frigatebirds attract mates with an elastic, red gular pouch that is inflatable.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeSend light signals in the visible spectrum
strategy

Skin secretion slows desiccationlesser siren

The skin of the lesser siren protects from desiccation by secreting a mucus cocooon.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from loss of liquids
strategy

Membrane reduces evaporationland snail

A secreted mucus membrane across the opening of the shells of some land snails protects them from drying out by reducing evaporation.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from loss of liquids
strategy

Milk protects against microbestammar wallaby

The milk of the tammar wallaby protects newborn wallabies from bacteria and fungi via the antimicrobial AGG01 molecule.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from fungiProtect from microbes
strategy

Body tissue survives freezingred bat

The body tissue of the red bat can tolerate being frozen.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Fine filaments absorb oxygennewt

The external gills of newt tadpoles absorb oxygen from water using fine filaments with a large collective surface area.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter gases
strategy

Stretchy membrane aids ovipositionlocust

The intersegmental membranes of a pregnant female locust helps her deposit her eggs about 8 centimeters underground due to stress-softening of the membrane.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Expel solids
strategy

Anhydrobiosis protects during desiccationnematodes

Some nematodes survive drought conditions by entering an ametabolic state known as anhydrobiosis.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from loss of liquids
strategy

Constructing bubble nestsfoam-nesting frog

Bubble nests of foam-nesting frogs are constructed with precision using a three phase process.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Physically assemble structureProtect from animalsProtect from lightProtect from loss of liquidsProtect from microbes
strategy

Seeds are dispersed long distancesSouth African grapple plant

The seeds of grapple plants are dispersed long distances because the numerous hooks on their capsules cling to the feet of passing animals.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach temporarilyDisperse seeds
strategy

Body shrinks under harsh conditionsmarine iguana

The body length of marine iguanas shrinks in response to low food availability and energetic stress to reduce energy expenditure and increase foraging efficiency

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Adapt phenotype
strategy

Cork bars water, dissolved ions and gasescork oak

Cork of cork oak provides a barrier to water, dissolved ions and gases due to tissues containing long-chain aliphate molecules.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Chemically assemble polymersProtect from excess liquids
strategy

Fangs fold for storagewestern diamondback rattlesnake

The curving fangs of a western diamondback rattlesnake are stored when not in use by folding against the roof of the mouth via hinges.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify position
strategy

Pollen coat prevents dehydrationplants

The pollen grains of seed plants are protected from dehydration via a hard coat.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from loss of liquids
strategy

Special liquid softens hard cocoonpuss moth

The mouth of puss moth larvae helps them escape their hard cocoon casing by exuding a softening liquid.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Chemically break down organic compoundsModify material characteristics
strategy

Portable cases protect from predatorscaddisflies

Some caddisflies protect themselves from predators by building portable cases out of local materials - such as pebbles, sand, and aquatic plants - that are cemented together with silk or mucus.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Physically assemble structureProtect from animals
strategy

Ear flaps keep water outotters

The ears of otters protect from water via ear-flaps.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/on liquidsProtect from excess liquids
strategy

Membrane channel lets only some ions inStreptomyces lividans

The membrane of Streptomyces lividans cells lets potassium ions in but not sodium via a potassium-specific channel.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter chemical entities
strategy

Extensibility helps stop spread of cracksmacroalgae

The blades of macroalgae stop cracks from spreading by using their elasticity to round the tips of new cracks.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Prevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Cellulose digested for fuelprotozoans

Mixotricha protozoans digests cellulose for termite metabolism.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Chemically break down organic compounds
strategy

Two-phase composite tissues handle tensionpipevine

Tissues of plants protect from tension by having a biphasic layer of cellulose microfibers against a matrix of hemicelluloses and lignin.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage tension
strategy

Guard hairs repel waterreindeer

The coat of reindeer repels water via long guard hairs.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from excess liquids
strategy

Proboscis forms a sealed cylinderbutterfly

The cuticular structures on the surface of the proboscis of a butterfly form a sealed coil against the head of the insect by interlocking in various directions.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach temporarilyManage turbulencePrevent deformation
strategy

Inflating for protectionporcupine fish

The skin of a porcupine fish protects from predators via embedded spines that erect when the fish inflates using sips of water.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify size/shape/mass/volumeProtect from animals
strategy

Seed coat and enzymes protect seedlotus

Seeds of lotus remain viable for thousands of years via hard seed coat and repair enzymes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage mechanical wearProtect from excess liquidsProtect from fungiProtect from gasesProtect from lightProtect from temperature
strategy

Crystals and fibers provide strength, flexibilitybones

The composition of bones grants them strength, light weight, and some flexibility via small inorganic crystals and thin collagen fibers.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage compressionManage impactManage tensionPrevent bucklingPrevent deformationPrevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Pigments cells respond to hormonesAfrican clawed frog

Pigments in frog skin change color in response to hormones by moving melanin grains around cells.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/colorProtect from animalsProtect from lightProtect from temperatureSense chemicals (odor, taste, etc) from the environment
strategy

Nasal turbinates reduce water lossnorthern elephant seal

The nasal turbinates of the northern elephant seal reduce water loss via countercurrent heat exchange.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter liquidsProtect from loss of liquids
strategy

Hairs sense environmental cuesinsects

Socketed hairs of insects detect environmental stimuli through vibration.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Sense light (visible spectrum) from the environmentSense sound and other vibrations from the environmentSense touch and mechanical forces in a living systemSensing atmospheric conditions
strategy

Microscopic holes deter fracturesstarfish

Ossicles of starfish resist fractures via microscopic holes in the structure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Prevent fracture/rupture
strategy

Wire-like structures conduct electricityShewanella oneidensis

The pilus-like components of Shewanella oneidensis bacteria conduct electricity because they are elongated and arranged in bundles, adopting a nanowire-like structure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Transform electrical energy
strategy

Vortex rings propelmoon jellyfish

Moon jellyfish move efficiently through water by creating complex vortex rings in the wake of their motion.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/on liquids
strategy

Hairs detect changes in water currentcopepod

The antennae of Euchaeta rimana, a copepod, detect changes in the smooth water current (created by the shrimp's mouthparts) via motion-sensitive hairs.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Sense motion
strategy

Sand pit captures preyant lion larvae

The larvae of ant lions capture prey by building sand pits with the steepest possible slope.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organismsOptimize shape/materialsPhysically assemble structure
strategy

Spinal column has strength and flexibilityarmored shrew

The spine of armored shrews is remarkable strong yet flexible, due to interlocking vertebral spines located laterally, dorsally, and ventrally on the spinal column.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach temporarilyManage impact
strategy

Large ears aid coolingelephant

The large ears of elephants aid cooling by radiating heat from blood vessels, and flapping to generate cooling air currents.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Maintain homeostasisProtect from temperature
strategy

Relationships essential to pollinationBrazil nut tree

The Brazil nut tree relies on the orchid bee for pollination, which in turn relies on certain species of orchids for reproduction.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate within an ecosystemPollinateRegulate reproduction or growth
strategy

Eyes see 300 images per seconddragonfly

The eyes of dragonflies sense motion well due to high flicker-fusion frequency.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Sense motion
strategy

Fatty acids prevent freezingcotton plants

Fatty acids in cotton seedlings prevent freezing by changing the composition of the cell membranes.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify material characteristicsProtect from temperature
strategy

Scales enhance wing colorswordtail butterfly

Scales on the ventral side of swordtail butterfly wings enhance blue/green coloring via light reflection and diffusion.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Modify light/colorSend light signals in the visible spectrum
strategy

Biosonar gives an accurate imagingdolphin

High resolution biosonar of dolphins, bats and mole rats gives an accurate imaging by using real-time data processing.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Send sound signals
strategy

Web absorbs impactsspiders

Webs of araneid spiders absorb impacts via microscopic engineering.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impact
strategy

Valves reduce burrowing dragrazor clam

The valves of the Atlantic razor clam reduce drag and the amount of energy required to reach burrow depth by contracting to locally fluidize the surrounding soil.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach temporarilyModify material characteristicsMove in/on solids
strategy

Foot aids underwater movementwater snail

The foot of water snails helps them move upside down beneath the water's surface by creating small ripples in the mucus-water interface.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Move in/on liquids
strategy

Light-gathering apparatus adjusts to conditionspurple bacteria

The light-gathering apparatus of purple bacteria adapts to varying light intensities by altering its configuration to optimize energy production and prevent damage.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter energyOptimize shape/materialsProtect from lightTransform chemical energy
strategy

Plants minimize water lossdesert

Plants in arid ecosystems self-organize to minimize water loss and aid plant and seed survival.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cooperate/compete between different speciesCoordinate by self-organizationRegulate water storage
strategy

Mycorrhizal fungi distribute water between plantsmycorrhizal fungi

Mycorrhizal fungi that live with tree roots help move water between trees

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cycle nutrientsDistribute liquids
strategy

Tail used for reproductive advantagedamselfly

Extensions on the tails of some dragonflies provide a reproductive advantage by cleaning out the sperm of competitors from their chosen mate prior to depositing their own sperm.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute liquidsProtect from excess liquidsRegulate reproduction or growth
strategy

Electricity helps communicationsmormyrid electric fish

The mormyrid electric fish communicate during courtship using electrical displays by varying waveform and pulse intervals.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Send electrical/magnetic signalsSense electricity/magnetism from the environment
strategy

Lateral line system acts as sonarfish

Neuromasts of the lateral line system of fish help them navigate by sensing their own waves, reflected back from surrounding objects, which are deflected by minute sensory cells embedded in jelly.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Navigate through liquid
strategy

Mounds accumulate calcium carbonatetermites

Mounds of Macrotermes termites accumulate calcium carbonate.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter chemical entitiesStore chemical entities
strategy

Microcolonial fungi adapt to extreme conditionsfungi

Free-living ascomycetes growing in colonies can spread into the extremely hostile environments including deserts because they possess extracellular polymeric substances and other adaptations.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from temperature
strategy

Buckling valve sucks in preybladderwort

Tiny transparent capsules found on bladderworts trap small prey via a resettable, vacuum-driven valve mechanism.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter organisms
strategy

Mucus facilitates smellinghuman

Smell receptors in the human nose detect smells with the help of a thin mucus layer, which dissolves scents and uses chromatography.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Sense chemicals (odor, taste, etc) from the environment
strategy

Foraging aids revegetationgreater bilby

The foraging behavior of bilbies helps revegetate arid landscapes by creating pits that naturally catch plant matter, seeds, and nutrients.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Capture, absorb, or filter chemical entitiesCapture, absorb, or filter solidsControl erosion and sedimentCycle nutrientsGenerate soil/renew fertility
strategy

Larvae protected from predatorscase-bearing leaf beetles

Larvae of case-bearing leaf beetles protect themselves with hard cases made of fecal matter.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage impactProtect from animals
strategy

Insects cycle nutrientsperiodic cicadas

Bodies of Magicicada cicadas provide mass pulses of nutrients that encourage growth of the forest trees they feed on thanks to their periodical lifecycle.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Cycle nutrientsGenerate soil/renew fertility
strategy

Wings shed dirt and watercicada

The wings of cicadas shed dirt and water via nanoscale protrusions surrounded by air pockets that buoy water droplets.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from dirt/solids
strategy

Bark keeps surface cool under the suntrees

Bark of trees keeps surface cool by minimizing absorption of solar light and maximizing thermal emission

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Protect from lightProtect from temperature
strategy

Toe pads adhere and clean themselvesWhite's tree frog

The feet of the Australian green tree frog stick to surfaces and stay clean due to mucus secreted between the toe pads

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Attach temporarilyProtect from dirt/solids
strategy

Bumps and grooves protect surfacedesert scorpion

The surface of the desert scorpion resists erosion by sand due to bumps and grooves that decrease flow.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Manage mechanical wearProtect from dirt/solids
strategy

Stems move airPhragmites australis

Dead stems of Phragmites australis move air to shoot and root meristems by use of differential air pressure.

Profile PhotoAskNature Team
Distribute gases
Profile Photo
Contributed by JULIO NEVES

Undegraduate degree in Industrial Design, at UNISANTA/Santos, BrasiL. Postgraduate degree in Business Administration at Vanzolini Foundation/USP, Brasil. I am also a teacher in the Graduate Institute of Technology Maua - School of Engineering. I learned about biomimicry at Natura, where...

More from JULIO NEVES →

Support Us

Mission

The Biomimicry Institute empowers people to create nature-inspired solutions for a healthy planet.

  • Biomimicry 101
  • what we do
  • about
  • blog
  • shop

asknature

Explore biological intelligence organized by design and engineering functions.

  • Biological strategies
  • inspired ideas
  • learning resources
  • collections

Design challenges

Practice biomimicry or advance your biomimicry concept with our support.

  • About
  • Challenges
  • news
© 2018 - The Biomimicry Institute
  • Cookie Settings
  • Terms of Service & Privacy Policy
  • Contact Us
Heap | Mobile and Web Analytics

Add to Collection

Add New

@

Not recently active

We use cookies to give you the best browsing experience. Find out more about our cookie policy here.