References
"In 1997, biologists from Pennsylvania's Slippery Rock University revealed that the spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer), a tiny species of North American frog, produces glucose during frosty weather to concentrate its body fluids and so reduce ice crystal formation, enabling it to survive for up to three days with almost half of its total body fluid frozen. It returns to a fully active state in only a day after thawing out." (Shuker 2001:110)
"To prevent lethal freeze injury, these [North American] frogs initiate intensive hepatic glycogenolysis immediately after the onset of tissue freezing and concomitantly distribute the glucose throughout their bodies, raising levels of tissue glucose by as much as 10- 100 X above normal (Storey and Storey, 1984). The treefrog Hyla versicolor is exceptional because it converts most of the glucose into glycerol, which is then distributed to body tissues (Storey and Storey, 1985). Because so much of their body water is sequestered into ice (to 70%), frozen frogs cannot sustain systemic functions, including breathing, heartbeat, and blood flow (Layne et al., 1989). Upon thawing, freeze-tolerant frogs resume cardiovascular functions first, whereas, other functions resume during the ensuing hours (Layne and First, 1991)...Pseudacris crucifer mobilizes glucose to levels that are comparable to most other freeze-tolerant frogs." (Layne and Kefauver 1997:260)Book
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"To prevent lethal freeze injury, these [North American] frogs initiate intensive hepatic glycogenolysis immediately after the onset of tissue freezing and concomitantly distribute the glucose throughout their bodies, raising levels of tissue glucose by as much as 10- 100 X above normal (Storey and Storey, 1984). The treefrog Hyla versicolor is exceptional because it converts most of the glucose into glycerol, which is then distributed to body tissues (Storey and Storey, 1985). Because so much of their body water is sequestered into ice (to 70%), frozen frogs cannot sustain systemic functions, including breathing, heartbeat, and blood flow (Layne et al., 1989). Upon thawing, freeze-tolerant frogs resume cardiovascular functions first, whereas, other functions resume during the ensuing hours (Layne and First, 1991)...Pseudacris crucifer mobilizes glucose to levels that are comparable to most other freeze-tolerant frogs." (Layne and Kefauver 1997:260)
Book
The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of NatureJanuary 25, 2021
Journal article
Freeze Tolerance and Postfreeze Recovery in the Frog Pseudacris cruciferCopeiaApril 26, 2006
Journal article
Adaptations of frogs to survive freezingClimate ResearchSeptember 28, 2007
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Adaptations of metabolism for freeze tolerance in the gray tree frog, Hyla versicolorCan. J. Zool.March 5, 2009
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Freeze tolerance and intolerance as strategies of winter survival in terrestrially-hibernating amphibiansComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: PhysiologyMarch 25, 2003
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