The waterbear survives extreme environmental conditions by entering a reversibly suspended metabolic state known as cryptobiosis.

One of the critical elements of this protection is the production of tardigrade-specific proteins called CAHS (cytoplasmic abundant heat-soluble) proteins. CAHS proteins are intrinsically disordered, meaning they do not maintain a fixed structure. This flexibility allows them to form a protective network around essential cellular components during desiccation. CAHS proteins work in synergy with trehalose, a sugar that is widely used by desiccation-tolerant organisms but present in low levels in tardigrades. This combination—CAHS proteins and trehalose—stabilizes cellular structures in a unique way, creating a robust, protective environment that minimizes damage during dehydration. This partnership is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of tardigrade cells when water is nearly absent. When environmental conditions improve, the tardigrade rehydrates, and its metabolic functions resume, enabling the organism to reanimate and continue its life cycle.

Image: Emily Harrington / Copyright © - All rights reserved

Tardigrade is starting to dehydrate with a sugar solution, trehalose, thickening as water is
lost. This protects the tardigrade's cells from damage until moisture conditions improve. 

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Last Updated November 6, 2024